Sunday, May 6, 2012

Strings in Black Holes

Stephen Hawking said information is lost in a black hole.  Leonard Susskind mentioned there was a holographic theory which was built off of string theory.  According to string theory, black holes have entropy.  Entropy is hidden information that is not easily or readily accessible such as the velocity of an atom or particle.  This entropy is still information.  In addition, black holes suck in information.  According to Stephen Hawking, not only is information lost in a black hole, a black hole radiates its particles.  This means a black hole would eventually completely evaporate away.  However, one of the most fundamental laws of quantum mechanics states that information is indestructible.  Where does the information go in a black hole if it justs gets sucked away?  Leonard Susskind came up with the holographic principle where the amount of information in a black hole is equal to the area of the event horizon.  That horizon (which is extremely hot due to radiation) is just a film or point of no return covering the black hole.  A holograph by itself is a 2-dimensional rendering of something 3-dimensional.  Alone, it looks like scrambled information.  When you observe it with light (photons), you see a 3-dimensional image.  The event horizon of a black hole is a holograph.  If you observe the information getting sucked in the black hole, you will see that information (whether it be particles or whatever) be radiated back out.  The information will still be the information, but it will be in radiated form.  When you burn a letter with writing, there is still technically the message, but you just cannot read it.  The information is not lost because the act of viewing the information will result in it being fed back out.  The holograph of the black hole allows us to see the information.  However, information can still be sucked into a black hole, but it is still not lost.  Thanks to string theory and Leonard Susskind, black holes make sense again, sort of.  Although this work seems contradictory to Stephen Hawking, he is still a very brilliant and respectable physicist, and I do not mean to talk badly of him in any way.

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